Scaling in the correlation energies of two-dimensional artificial atoms

We find an unexpected scaling in the correlation energy of artificial atoms, i.e., harmonically confined two-dimensional quantum dots. The scaling relation is found through extensive numerical examinations including Hartree-Fock, variational quantum Monte Carlo, density-functional, and full configuration-interaction calculations. We show that the correlation energy, i.e., the true ground-state total energy subtracted by the Hartree-Fock total energy, follows a simple function of the Coulomb energy, confimenent strength and, the number of electrons. We find an analytic expression for this function, as well as for the correlation energy per particle and for the ratio between the correlation and total energies. Our tests for independent diffusion Monte Carlo and coupled-cluster results for quantum dots -- including open-shell data -- confirm the generality of the obtained scaling. As the scaling is also well applicable to $\gtrsim$ 100 electrons, our results give interesting prospects for the development of correlation functionals within density-functional theory.Comment: Accepted to Journal of Physics: Condensed Matte

New national and regional biological records for Finland 10. Contributions to Bryophyta and Marchantiophyta 9

Six species of mosses (Bryophyta: Brachythecium udum, Lewinskya fastigiata, L. elegans, Polytrichastrum altaicum, P. septentrionale, Tortella densa) and two of liverworts (Marchantiophyta: Scapania parvifolia and Tritomaria excecta) are presented as new for Finland. One species, Brachythecium laetum, is removed from the Finnish checklist. New records in biogeographical provinces for 51 species of mosses and 32 species of liverworts are listed. Finally, two occurrences in biogeographical provinces are removed due to misidentifications

Orgaanisten kierrätyslannoitevalmisteiden metsäkäyttö tukee kiertotaloutta

Orgaanisia kierrätyslannoitevalmisteita käytetään tällä hetkellä maataloudessa, mutta niiden käyttö metsissä ei ole ollut sallittua. Kansallisen lannoitevalmistelainsäädännön uudistamistyön myötä aihe on Suomessa ajankohtainen. Orgaanisten lannoitevalmisteiden metsäkäytön salliminen edistää paitsi ravinteiden kierrätystä, myös orgaanisten sivuvirtojen hyödyntämistä osana biokiertotaloutta

New national and regional biological records for Finland 10. Contributions to Bryophyta and Marchantiophyta 9

Six species of mosses (Bryophyta: Brachythecium udum, Lewinskya fastigiata, L. elegans, Polytrichastrumaltaicum, P. septentrionale, Tortella densa) and two of liverworts (Marchantiophyta:Scapania parvifolia and Tritomaria excecta) are presented as new for Finland. One species,Brachythecium laetum, is removed from the Finnish checklist. New records in biogeographicalprovinces for 51 species of mosses and 32 species of liverworts are listed. Finally, two occurrencesin biogeographical provinces are removed due to misidentifications.</p

The annual excursion of the Nordic Bryological Society (NBS) and the Finnish Bryophyte Expert Group to Finnish Lapland in 2019

The Nordic Bryological Society held its Annual meeting and excursion from 5 to 9 August 2019 in Sodankylä, Kittilä and Kolari in northern Finland. The excursion was attended by twenty-one participants. Special emphasis was given to boreal aapa mires and their Sphagnum species. A multitude of Sphagnum species typical to the area was encountered. Also, Red Listed species of meso- and eutrophic flark fens were discovered, e.g. Hamatocaulis vernicosus, H. lapponicus, Meesia longiseta, Schistochilopsis grandiretis and Moerckia flotoviana. Sphagnum annulatum, S. flexuosum, S. divinum, Heterogemma laxa and Scapania umbrosa were collected for the first time from Kittilän Lappi biogeographical province. Sphagnum annulatum, S. divinum, Campylium laxifolium, Pohlia sphagnicola, Gymnocolea borealis and Heterogemma laxa were collected for the first time from Sompion Lappi biogeographical province. In total, 54 records of Red Listed species were made.</p

New national and regional biological records for Finland 11. Contributions to Bryophyta and Marchantiophyta 10

Ten species of mosses (Bryophyta: Entosthodon obtusus, Entosthodon ulvinenii, Eurhynchiastrum diversifolium, Hedwigia emodica, Hedwigia mollis, Hygrohypnum styriacum, Plagiothecium rossicum, Polytrichum perigoniale, Tortella alpicola and Ulota intermedia) are presented as new for Finland. Cephalozia lacinulata, previously considered to be regionally extinct from Finland, is reported to being found again. New records in biogeographical provinces for 67 species of mosses and 34 species of liverworts are listed. Finally, 6 occurrences in provinces are removed due to misidentifications or missing specimens

Closed-die forging and slab hot rolling with focus on material yield : some industrial problems analysed by FEM

The thesis is focussed on improving the material yield in closed-die forging and rolling. The former is restricted to the manufacturing of heavy crown wheels and front axle beams and the latter to the hot rolling of steel slabs. To enhance the yield the commercial FE-codes Form2D and Dyna3D are used. Results from forging simulations are strengthened by full scale experiments. The research is carried out in near contact with the Swedish steel and engineering industry. In closed die forging, two bulk forming problems are treated: How to improve the tool design and how to change the pre-form geometry for decreasing the amount of material exiting the flash gap? In slab rolling, two problems related to material defects are considered: How to eliminate existing surface cracks and how to prevent the formation of voids around macro-inclusions embedded in the steel matrix? Internal voids might be the reason for scrapping the whole workpiece. Considering the forging of crown wheels, a new concept is proposed. For making the central hole of the product, the traditional method was forging a thin circular plate which was then sheared off and scrapped. Using the new technique this operation is replaced by forging a conical tap in the centre, which is then discarded. Doing so, the inner scrap material decreased with about 15%. The idea has been used in production for seven years. – Regarding the forging of front axle beams, a quasi-3D method is used comprising full scale measurements of the axial material flow. Here the theoretical material yield increased 2-7%. Regarding rolling, the initial surface cracks in the simulations are V-shaped with a crack angle of 6o and of depth 5-20 mm. The inclusions are cylindrical and either three times harder or three times softer than the matrix. The behaviour of the cracks and the inclusions are studied as influenced by process parameters. Current industrial input data are used as a reference. – It is concluded that longitudinal cracks cannot be totally eliminated. During rolling their V-shape gradually changes to Y-shape and a remaining oxide flake separates the crack bottom surfaces. For minimizing the detrimental influence of the entrapped oxide, an early closure of the crack bottom is important. Throughout the remaining rolling schedule the entrapped oxide is then torn to pieces with large areas of virgin metal in between ensuring a strong bond. The following recommendations are given for the longitudinal cracks: Light drafts/pass at the beginning of the rolling schedule followed by heavy ones. – Contradictory to longitudinal cracks it is concluded that transversal cracks are possible to eliminate. When eliminated, the initial bottom of the crack coincides with the slab surface. No folds are formed. For the transversal cracks light drafts/pass are proposed together with reversal rolling, the latter for avoiding crack folding. – Voids are easiest formed around hard macro-inclusions in the centre of the slab. Large rolls and heavy drafts are recommended to avoid this.QC 2010072

Teaching CAD in Swedish High School's Technology Program

Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka vad elever ges möjlighet att lära sig samt genom vilka läraraktiviteter sker kunskapsutvecklingen inom CAD (Computer-Aided-Design). Studien är baserad på en kvalitativ analys av intervjuer som genomförts med sju olika lärare som alla undervisar på gymnasiets teknikprogram i årskurserna 1 och 2. Av resultatet framgår det att elevers lärande kan kopplas till lärarnas kunskaper inom CAD. Kunskaper följer en hierarkisk struktur där kunskaper om kommandon är en förutsättning för att elever skall utveckla kunskaper om procedurer och vidare utveckla högre strategiska kunskaper och kreativt tänkande. Lärarna strävar efter att eleverna utveckla ett mer självständigt lärande. Eleverna skall även förbereda sig för yrkesförberedande samarbete genom att kunna nyttja gemensamma protokoll och standarder som förekommer i näringslivet. De läraktivitet som framkommer som tydliga inslag i CAD-undervisningen är att läraren överför sina expertkunskaper till eleverna genom planerade övningar, laborationer och visualiseringar i CAD. Stöttning förekommer i flera former som feedback, anpassningar i olika former, dialoger med frågor, samt genom digitalt stöd. Samarbete förekommer i olika former där elever lär sig att utveckla kunskaper tillsammans med andra elever. Lärarnas kollegiala ämnesöverskridande samarbete beskrivs också som en betydelsefull form i CAD-undervisningen.The purpose of this study has been to investigate what knowledge students develop and through which teacher activities the knowledge development takes place within CAD (Computer-Aided-Design). The study is based on a qualitative analysis of interviews conducted with seven different teachers who all teach in the senior high school's technology program in grades 1 and 2. The results show that students learning can be linked to teachers CAD knowledge. Knowledge development follows a hierarchical structure where command knowledge is a prerequisite for students to develop procedural knowledge and further development of higher strategic knowledge and creative thinking. The teachers strive for the students to develop a more independent learning. Students will also learn to prepare for a more professional environment by being able to use common protocols and standards. The results indicate that, during the CAD teaching, the teachers transfer their expert knowledge to the students through planned exercises, laboratory work and visualizations in CAD. Furthermore, teachers support student through feedback, individual/group adaptations in various forms, dialogues and through digital support. Collaboration occurs in different forms where students learn to work with each other and develop knowledge together. The teachers' collegial cross-disciplinary collaboration is also described as an important form of CAD teaching

Teaching CAD in Swedish High School's Technology Program

Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka vad elever ges möjlighet att lära sig samt genom vilka läraraktiviteter sker kunskapsutvecklingen inom CAD (Computer-Aided-Design). Studien är baserad på en kvalitativ analys av intervjuer som genomförts med sju olika lärare som alla undervisar på gymnasiets teknikprogram i årskurserna 1 och 2. Av resultatet framgår det att elevers lärande kan kopplas till lärarnas kunskaper inom CAD. Kunskaper följer en hierarkisk struktur där kunskaper om kommandon är en förutsättning för att elever skall utveckla kunskaper om procedurer och vidare utveckla högre strategiska kunskaper och kreativt tänkande. Lärarna strävar efter att eleverna utveckla ett mer självständigt lärande. Eleverna skall även förbereda sig för yrkesförberedande samarbete genom att kunna nyttja gemensamma protokoll och standarder som förekommer i näringslivet. De läraktivitet som framkommer som tydliga inslag i CAD-undervisningen är att läraren överför sina expertkunskaper till eleverna genom planerade övningar, laborationer och visualiseringar i CAD. Stöttning förekommer i flera former som feedback, anpassningar i olika former, dialoger med frågor, samt genom digitalt stöd. Samarbete förekommer i olika former där elever lär sig att utveckla kunskaper tillsammans med andra elever. Lärarnas kollegiala ämnesöverskridande samarbete beskrivs också som en betydelsefull form i CAD-undervisningen.The purpose of this study has been to investigate what knowledge students develop and through which teacher activities the knowledge development takes place within CAD (Computer-Aided-Design). The study is based on a qualitative analysis of interviews conducted with seven different teachers who all teach in the senior high school's technology program in grades 1 and 2. The results show that students learning can be linked to teachers CAD knowledge. Knowledge development follows a hierarchical structure where command knowledge is a prerequisite for students to develop procedural knowledge and further development of higher strategic knowledge and creative thinking. The teachers strive for the students to develop a more independent learning. Students will also learn to prepare for a more professional environment by being able to use common protocols and standards. The results indicate that, during the CAD teaching, the teachers transfer their expert knowledge to the students through planned exercises, laboratory work and visualizations in CAD. Furthermore, teachers support student through feedback, individual/group adaptations in various forms, dialogues and through digital support. Collaboration occurs in different forms where students learn to work with each other and develop knowledge together. The teachers' collegial cross-disciplinary collaboration is also described as an important form of CAD teaching

Yksilölliset toiveet asuntotuotannossa

Abstract This publication is the final report of the research project, funded by the Academy of Finland in 2004 and 2005, entitled Individual wishes in the mass production of housing architecture. The research locations were Arabianranta in Helsinki, and Toppilansaari housing fair area of 2005 in Oulu. This multidisciplinary research has been done to serve the practical fields of construction and architecture. The writers focused on different aspects in the study: Noora Ervasti and Elina Pietikäinen, both M.Sc. in Economics, studied the individual wishes in apartment house production, CASE Toppilansaari in Oulu; Landscape Architect Eva Wiklund looked at Arabianranta as a housing environment; Interior Architect Maarit Hiltunen studied Open construction as a way to fulfil individual wishes; and Interior Architect Esa Vesmanen concentrated on the Customer's possibilities in influencing the outcome of the kitchen in Arabianranta. It can be concluded that the customers looking for an apartment are more demanding and know what they want. This presupposes new means from the housing industry and a more modular production process in which the result is an apartment that best fulfils the individual wishes. This new way to produce requires configuring and developing in the whole process chain of housing production.Tiivistelmä Tämä julkaisu on loppuraportti Suomen Akatemian vuosina 2004–2005 rahoittamaan projektiin Yksilöllisten toiveiden toteutuminen asuntoarkkitehtuurin massatuotannossa. Tutkimuksen kohdealueita olivat Helsingin Arabianranta ja Oulun Toppilansaaren vuoden 2005 asuntomessualue. Tämä monitieteinen tutkimus on tehty palvelemaan rakentamisen ja arkkitehtuurin käytännön kenttää. Loppuraportin artikkelien kirjoittajista kauppatiet.maistereiden Noora Ervastin ja Elina Pietikäisen aiheena oli Yksilöllisten asumistoiveiden toteutuminen kerrostalotuotannossa, CASE: Oulun Toppilansaari. Maisema-arkkitehti Eva Wiklund tarkasteli Arabianrantaa asuin-ympäristönä asukkaiden näkökulmasta ja sisustusarkkitehti Maarit Hiltusen aiheena oli Joustavan rakentamisen keinot yksilöllisyyden toteutumisessa. Sisustusarkkitehti Esa Vesmanen keskittyi tutkimaan asukkaan vaikutusmahdollisuuksia asunnon keittiöön Arabianrannassa. Asuntoa etsivät asiakkaat ovat entistä vaativampia ja tietävät mitä haluavat. Tämä edellyttää rakennusteollisuudelta uudenlaisia keinoja ja entistä modulaarisempaa tuotantoprosessia, jossa lopputuloksena on yksilölliset toiveet parhaiten täyttävä asunto